Assistant professor Rana F.  Shitran

Head of pediatric department

Fava Bean Sensitivity: A Genetic Disorder That Threatens Red Blood Cells

What Is Fava Bean Sensitivity?

Fava bean sensitivity, medically known as Favism, is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase). This enzyme is essential for protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. When the enzyme is absent or deficient, red blood cells become vulnerable to destruction—especially after consuming fava beans or certain medications.

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Who Is Most at Risk?

- The disorder is inherited through X-linked genetics, making males more likely to be affected than females.

- It is more prevalent in regions such as the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and parts of Asia.

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Symptoms

After consuming fava beans, individuals may experience acute hemolytic anemia with symptoms like:

- Pale skin

- Headache and dizziness

- Nausea and vomiting

- Dark-colored urine

- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

- General weakness and abdominal pain

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 Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves:

- Blood tests to detect low hemoglobin and elevated bilirubin

- Enzyme activity test for G6PD in red blood cells

- Urinalysis to check for hemoglobinuria

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Treatment and Prevention

- In severe cases, emergency blood transfusion may be required.

- Prevention is key: patients must avoid fava beans and certain oxidative medications.

- Awareness is crucial, especially for children, to prevent serious complications.